基于Linux系统部署Web服务器-白红宇

基于Linux系统部署Web服务器

阅读量：7071 次

发布时间：2019-06-28

本文共 16860 字，大约阅读时间需要 56 分钟。

部署Nginx+PHP环境

一、PHP的安装与使用

1）下载PHP

建议下载到终端，然后上传到Linux服务器，有时候效果比wget更佳。

2)通过yum安装依赖

#yum -y install libxml2-devel openssl-devel \

curl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel

3)安装libmcrypt依赖

或者：

tar -zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

cd libmcrypt-2.5.8

./cofnigure

make && make install

4)安装PHP

#tar -zxvf php-5.6.40.tar.gz

#cd php-5.6.40

[root@Nginx php-5.6.40]# make && make install

5)测试PHP配置环境

通过php文件执行PHP代码

#vim test1.php

<?php

echo "Hello World!\n";

[root@Nginx /]# /usr/local/php/bin/php -f test1.php

Hello World!

#vim test2.php

<?php

phpinfo();

[root@Nginx /]# /usr/local/php/bin/php -f test2.php

......

#[root@Nginx /]# /usr/local/php/bin/php -f test2.php

直接执行PHP代码

[root@Nginx /]# /usr/local/php/bin/php -r 'echo 960+660,"\n";'

1620

二、PHP与Nginx整合

[root@Nginx /]# cd /usr/local/php/etc

[root@Nginx etc]# ls

pear.conf php-fpm.conf.default

[root@Nginx etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf

[root@Nginx etc]# cd /usr//local/src/php-5.6.40

[root@Nginx php-5.6.40]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm

通过chkconfig实现开机启动

[root@Nginx php-5.6.40]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm

[root@Nginx php-5.6.40]# chkconfig --add php-fpm

或是

[root@Nginx php-5.6.40]# chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/php-fpm

通过service方式管理PHP-FPM，实现启动、重启或停止服务

[root@Nginx php-5.6.40]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm status

php-fpm is stopped

[root@Nginx /]# service php-fpm start

Starting php-fpm done

[root@Nginx /]# service php-fpm reload

Reload service php-fpm done

[root@Nginx /]# service php-fpm restart

Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done

Starting php-fpm done

[root@Nginx /]# service php-fpm status

php-fpm (pid 13017) is running...

[root@Nginx /]# service php-fpm stop

查看程序进程和监听端口

[root@Nginx /]# netstat -lnt

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8002 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN

[root@Nginx /]# ps aux|grep php

root 13017 0.0 0.1 105972 4808 ? Ss 14:21 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)

nobody 13018 0.0 0.1 105972 4228 ? S 14:21 0:00 php-fpm: pool www

nobody 13019 0.0 0.1 105972 4228 ? S 14:21 0:00 php-fpm: pool www

root 13041 0.0 0.0 103332 904 pts/1 S+ 14:22 0:00 grep php

三、PHP配置文件

1)php.ini

[root@Nginx php-5.6.40]# ls |grep php.ini

php.ini-development

php.ini-production

[root@Nginx php-5.6.40]# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini

2)在Nginx配置支持PHP

在虚拟机192.168.12.132为例，修改配置文件

[root@Nginx vhost]# vim 192.168.12.132

server {

listen 80;

server_name 192.168.12.132;

root html/192.168.12.132;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

location ~\.php$ {

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

include fastcgi.conf;

}

3)在html/192.168.12.132目录中创建两个PHP文件用于测试

[root@Nginx www.ng.test]# echo '<?php echo OK;'>test.php;

[root@Nginx www.ng.test]# echo '<?php phpinfo();'>index.php;

4)测试运行结果

PHP编译源码：

#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --enable-fpm \

--with-zlib --enable-zip --enable-mbstring \

--with-mcrypt --with-mysql \

--with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql --with-gd \

--with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir \

--with-freetype-dir --with-curl \

--with-openssl --with-mhash \

--enable-bcmath --enable-opcache

Nginx+Apache环境搭建

#下载Apache

#下载依赖库APR、APR-util

[root@Nginx src]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.28.tar.gz

[root@Nginx src]# tar -zxvf apr-1.6.5.tar.gz

[root@Nginx src]# tar -zxvf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz

[root@Nginx src]# mv apr-1.6.5 httpd-2.4.28/srclib/apr

[root@Nginx src]# mv apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.28/srclib/apr-util

[root@Nginx src]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel #报如下错误

http://mirrors.cn99.com/centos/6.10/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 6 - "Couldn't

resolve host 'mirrors.cn99.com'"尝试其他镜像。

解决上述问题：

#vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DNS2：8.8.8.8

编译安装Apache

[root@Nginx httpd-2.4.28]# ./configure --enable-so --enable--deflate \

> --enable-ssl

[root@Nginx httpd-2.4.28]# make && make install

xml/apr_xml.c:384: 错误：expected ‘;’, ‘,’ or ‘)’ before ‘*’ token

xml/apr_xml.c: 在函数‘apr_xml_parser_create’中:

xml/apr_xml.c:401: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员

xml/apr_xml.c:402: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员

xml/apr_xml.c:410: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员

xml/apr_xml.c:411: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员

xml/apr_xml.c:412: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员

xml/apr_xml.c:424: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员

xml/apr_xml.c:424: 错误：‘default_handler’未声明(在此函数内第一次使用)

xml/apr_xml.c:424: 错误：(即使在一个函数内多次出现，每个未声明的标识符在其

xml/apr_xml.c:424: 错误：所在的函数内也只报告一次。)

xml/apr_xml.c: 在函数‘do_parse’中:

xml/apr_xml.c:434: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员

xml/apr_xml.c:438: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员

xml/apr_xml.c:442: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp_err’的成员

xml/apr_xml.c:442: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员

xml/apr_xml.c: 在函数‘apr_xml_parser_geterror’中:

xml/apr_xml.c:500: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp_err’的成员

make[3]: *** [xml/apr_xml.lo] 错误 1

make[3]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.28/srclib/apr-util'

make[2]: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1

make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.28/srclib/apr-util'

make[1]: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1

make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.28/srclib'

make: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1

解决上述问题：

[root@Nginx httpd-2.4.28]# yum install expat-devel -y

[root@Nginx httpd-2.4.28]# make && make install

collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

make[2]: *** [htpasswd] 错误 1

make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.28/support'

make[1]: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1

make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.28/support'

make: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1

原来是apr apr-util 用了最新的1.6版本,用1.5版本即可解决问题。

#重新下载

[root@Nginx src]# wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/apr/apr-1.5.2.tar.gz

[root@Nginx src]# wget

[root@Nginx src]# tar -zxvf apr-1.5.2.tar.gz

[root@Nginx src]# tar -zxvf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz

[root@Nginx src]# mv apr-1.5.2 httpd-2.4.28/srclib/apr

[root@Nginx src]# mv apr-util-1.5.4 httpd-2.4.28/srclib/apr-util

[root@Nginx httpd-2.4.28]# ./configure --enable-so --enable-deflate --enable-ssl

[root@Nginx httpd-2.4.28]# make && make install

[root@Nginx httpd-2.4.28]# cd /usr/local/apache2/

[root@Nginx apache2]# ls

bin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons include lib logs man manual modules

配置Server命令管理Apache服务

[root@Nginx apache2]# vi /etc/init.d/httpd

#! /bin/bash

#chkconfig:35 85 15

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl $1

[root@Nginx apache2]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd

[root@Nginx apache2]# service httpd start

AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using ::1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message

(98)Address already in use: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80

(98)Address already in use: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80

no listening sockets available, shutting down

AH00015: Unable to open logs

为什么报上述错误？

因之前Nginx已占用80端口，造成端口冲突，将Apache端口更改为81.

[root@Nginx conf]# vi httpd.conf

Listen 81

[root@Nginx ~]# chkconfig --add httpd

[root@Nginx conf]# service httpd start

httpd (pid 13380) already running

[root@Nginx conf]# service httpd stop

[root@Nginx conf]# service httpd restart

httpd not running, trying to start

[root@Nginx conf]# service httpd start

httpd (pid 13499) already running

[root@Nginx conf]# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 81 -j ACCEPT

[root@Nginx conf]# service iptables save

[root@Nginx conf]# ps aux|grep httpd

root 13499 0.0 0.0 70344 2136 ? Ss 09:10 0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k restart

daemon 13500 0.0 0.1 414604 4164 ? Sl 09:10 0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k restart

daemon 13501 0.0 0.1 414604 4208 ? Sl 09:10 0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k restart

daemon 13502 0.0 0.1 480140 4780 ? Sl 09:10 0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k restart

root 13798 0.0 0.0 103332 904 pts/0 S+ 09:16 0:00 grep httpd

访问测试

配置虚拟主机

#vi httpd.conf

# Virtual hosts

Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

[root@Nginx extra]# pwd

/usr/local/apache2/conf/extra

[root@Nginx extra]# vi httpd-vhosts.conf

DocumentRoot "htdocs/www.sky9890.test"

ServerName www.sky9890.test

ServerAlias sky9890.test

</VirtualHost>

[root@Nginx htdocs]# pwd

/usr/local/apache2/htdocs

[root@Nginx htdocs]# mkdir www.sky9890.test

[root@Nginx htdocs]# echo 'Welcome www.sky9890.test' >index.html

测试虚拟主机：

[root@Nginx htdocs]# curl sky9890.test:81

Welcome www.sky9890.test

[root@Nginx htdocs]# curl www.sky9890.test:81

Welcomewww.sky9890.test

Apache与PHP整合

1)编译安装PHP

[root@Nginx php-5.6.40]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --enable-fpm \

--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs \

--with-zlib --enable-zip --enable-mbstring \

--with-mcrypt --with-mysql \

--with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql --with-gd \

--with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir \

--with-freetype-dir --with-curl \

--with-openssl --with-mhash \

--enable-bcmath --enable-opcache

[root@Nginx php-5.6.40]#make && make install

ext/standard/.libs/info.o: In function `php_info_print':

/usr/local/src/php-5.6.40/ext/standard/info.c:97: undefined reference to `ts_resource_ex'

ext/standard/.libs/info.o: In function `php_info_printf':

/usr/local/src/php-5.6.40/ext/standard/info.c:83: undefined reference to `ts_resource_ex'

ext/standard/.libs/info.o: In function `php_info_print_html_esc':

/usr/local/src/php-5.6.40/ext/standard/info.c:69: undefined reference to `ts_resource_ex'

ext/standard/.libs/info.o: In function `php_print_gpcse_array':

/usr/local/src/php-5.6.40/ext/standard/info.c:205: undefined reference to `executor_globals_id'

ext/standard/.libs/info.o: In function `php_print_info':

/usr/local/src/php-5.6.40/ext/standard/info.c:1109: undefined reference to `executor_globals_id'

collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

make: *** [sapi/cli/php] 错误 1

/usr/local/src/php-5.6.40/ext/iconv/iconv.c:2607: undefined reference to `libiconv_open'

collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

make: *** [sapi/cli/php] 错误 1

#wget

#tar -zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz

#cd libiconv-1.14

#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv

#make && make install

[root@Nginx php-5.6.40]#make clean

[root@Nginx php-5.6.40]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --enable-fpm \

--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs \

--with-zlib --enable-zip --enable-mbstring \

--with-mcrypt --with-mysql \

--with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql --with-gd \

--with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir \

--with-iconv=/usr/local/libiconv \

--with-freetype-dir --with-curl \

--with-openssl --with-mhash \

--enable-bcmath --enable-opcache

[root@Nginx php-5.6.40]#make && make install

.......................................................

libtool: warning: remember to run 'libtool --finish /usr/local/src/php-5.6.40/libs'

chmod 755 /usr/local/apache2/modules/libphp5.so

[activating module `php5' in /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf]

Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20131226/

Installing PHP CLI binary: /usr/local/php/bin/

Installing PHP CLI man page: /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/

Installing PHP FPM binary: /usr/local/php/sbin/

Installing PHP FPM config: /usr/local/php/etc/

Installing PHP FPM man page: /usr/local/php/php/man/man8/

Installing PHP FPM status page: /usr/local/php/php/php/fpm/

Installing PHP CGI binary: /usr/local/php/bin/

Installing PHP CGI man page: /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/

Installing build environment: /usr/local/php/lib/php/build/

Installing header files: /usr/local/php/include/php/

Installing helper programs: /usr/local/php/bin/

program: phpize

program: php-config

Installing man pages: /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/

page: phpize.1

page: php-config.1

Installing PEAR environment: /usr/local/php/lib/php/

[PEAR] Archive_Tar - already installed: 1.4.4

[PEAR] Console_Getopt - already installed: 1.4.1

[PEAR] Structures_Graph- already installed: 1.1.1

[PEAR] XML_Util - already installed: 1.4.3

[PEAR] PEAR - already installed: 1.10.7

Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php/etc/pear.conf

You may want to add: /usr/local/php/lib/php to your php.ini include_path

/usr/local/src/php-5.6.40/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php/bin

ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php/bin/phar

Installing PDO headers: /usr/local/php/include/php/ext/pdo/

[root@Nginx src]# chmod 755 /usr/local/apache2/modules/libphp5.so

[root@Nginx src]# cd /usr/local/apache2/

[root@Nginx apache2]# ls modules|grep php

libphp5.so

[root@Nginx apache2]# grep php conf/httpd.conf

LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so

2)Apache相关配置

配置httpd.conf文件

DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php

Options Indexes

</IfModule>

setHandler application/x-httpd-php

</FilesMatch>

3)访问测试

[root@Nginx htdocs]# echo '<?php phpinfo();'>info.php

Nginx+Apache动静分离

在Web服务器中，可以由Nginx提供对外访问，静态请求直接由Nginx处理，动态请求转交给Apache处理，这样就实现了动静分离，如下图所示：

1.配置Apache

#vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf #去掉注释"#"

LoadModule remoteip_module modules/mod_remoteip.so #去掉注释"#"

RemoteIPHeader X-Client-IP #添加该行

RemoteIPInternalProxy 127.0.0.1 #添加该行

[root@Nginx extra]# pwd

/usr/local/apache2/conf/extra

[root@Nginx extra]# vim httpd-vhosts.conf

DocumentRoot "/var/www/test"

ServerName 192.168.12.128

</VirtualHost>

2.配置Nginx的动态请求处理

server {

listen 80;

server_name localhost;

root /var/www/test;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

location ~\.php$ {

proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:81;

proxy_set_header Host $host;

proxy_set_header X-Client-IP $remote_addr;

}

3.测试运行结果

Nginx+Tomcat环境

Nginx处理静态资源的优势同样可以应用在Tomcat环境中,Tomcat处理请求的动态文件。

1.获取JRE与Tomcat

2.JRE和Tomcat的安装

[root@Nginx src]# tar -zxvf jre-8u201-linux-x64.tar.gz

[root@Nginx src]# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.37.tar.gz

[root@Nginx src]# mv jre1.8.0_201/ /usr/local/jre

[root@Nginx src]#mv apache-tomcat-8.5.37 /usr/local/tomcat /usr/local/tomcat

[root@Nginx tomcat]# ls

bin BUILDING.txt conf CONTRIBUTING.md lib LICENSE logs NOTICE README.md RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt temp webapps work

3)将Tomcat添加为系统服务

[root@Nginx /]# vim /etc/init.d/tomcat

#! /bin/bash

#chkconfig:35 85 15

export JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jre

case "$1" in

start)

sudo -E -u nobody /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

;;

stop)

/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh

;;

restart)

$0 stop

$0 start

;;

esac

[root@Nginx /]# chown -R nobody:nobody /usr/local/tomcat

[root@Nginx local]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/tomcat

[root@Nginx local]# chkconfig --add tomcat

[root@Nginx local]# service tomcat start

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jre

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar

Tomcat started.

4)测试配置运行结果

[root@Nginx local]# ps aux|grep tomcat

nobody 2223 5.2 2.5 4488552 101272 pts/0 Sl 11:23 0:03 /usr/local/jre/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start

root 2276 0.0 0.0 103332 904 pts/0 S+ 11:24 0:00 grep tomcat

[root@Nginx local]# netstat -tnlp|grep java

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* LISTEN 2223/java

tcp 0 0 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 2223/java

tcp 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 2223/java

[root@Nginx local]# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT

[root@Nginx local]# service iptables save

[root@Nginx bin]# ./shutdown.sh

Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined

At least one of these environment variable is needed to run this program

[root@Nginx bin]# ./startup.sh

Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined